0x06-Awesome command line slide | 记一次分享命令行的幻灯片

description: 一个关于 command line 的 slide

CLI =>

Command line interface =>

命令行界面

Why command line¶

What's wrong with GUI?

GUI 与其他工具交互太难了，你不能像 shell 一样，将一个 GUI 程序的输出作为另一个程序的输入
鼠标操作太慢了
跨平台。我只用终端和浏览器，那么我的工具栈基本上都是跨平台的（跨平台的语言、换行符
服务器上，难以使用 GUI 程序

GUI 消耗资源太多了，尤其是越来越多的 Electron 应用

Unix 哲学¶

Mike Gancarz的《UNIX哲学》

The UNIX Philosophy 9条训格之言：

小即是美
让程序只做好一件事
尽可能早地创建原型
可移植性比效率更重要
数据应该保存为文本文件
尽可能地榨取软件的全部价值
使用 shell 脚本来提高效率和可移植性
避免使用可定制性低下的用户界面
所有程序都是数据的过滤器1. 小即是美
让程序只做好一件事

KISS 原则

KISS 原则是英语 Keep It Simple, Stupid 的首字母缩略字，是一种归纳过的经验原则9. 所有程序都是数据的过滤器

map filter reduce

// https://twitter.com/steveluscher/status/741089564329054208
// Map/filter/reduce in a tweet:

map([🌽, 🐮, 🐔], cook)
=> [🍿, 🍔, 🍳]

filter([🍿, 🍔, 🍳], isVegetarian)
=>  [🍿, 🍳]

reduce([🍿, 🍳], eat)
=> 💩

如何开始使用一个新的命令行工具¶

install
topics/cli
Unix/Linux
- yum apt dnf homebrew...
windoww
- scoop https://scoop.sh/
- choco https://chocolatey.org/
- ...
Code
- pip cargo go ...
- yarn npm npx ...
1. Document
man
help -h --help

man bash

mv --help

Tl;Dr

too long; didn't read

参数¶

System	Style	Example
Unix	风格参数，前面加单破折线 -	{{command}} -h
BSD	风格参数，前面不加破折线	{{command}} help
GNU	风格参数，前面加双破折线	{{command}} --help
`java -v java --version java -version`
find `‘-r’ IN`

https://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/html_node/Option-Table.html#Option-Table### 符号
!
>
|### Pipline

在类Unix操作系统（以及一些其他借用了这个设计的操作系统，如Windows）中，管道（英语：Pipeline）是一系列将标准输入输出链接起来的进程，其中每一个进程的输出被直接作为下一个进程的输入。每一个链接都由匿名管道实现[来源请求]。管道中的组成元素也被称作过滤程序

这个概念是由道格拉斯·麦克罗伊为Unix 命令行发明的，因与物理上的管道相似而得名

Pipline Example 1

ls -l | less

在这个例子中，ls用于在Unix下列出目录内容，less是一个有搜索功能的交互式的文本分页器。这个管线使得用户可以在列出的目录内容比屏幕长时目录上下翻页

Pipline example 2

curl "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_(Unix)" | \
sed 's/[^a-zA-Z ]/ /g' | \
tr 'A-Z ' 'a-z\n' | \
grep '[a-z]' | \
sort -u | \
comm -23 - /usr/share/dict/words | \
less

curl 获取该网页的HTML内容（在有些系统上可以使用wget）
sed 移除非空格的字符和网页内容的字母，并以空格取代之
tr 把大写字母改成小写字母，并把行列里的空格换成新行（每个词现在各占有独立的一行）
grep 过滤得到那些至少有一个小写字母的行（删除空行）
sort 将「单词」（也就是每一个行）按照字母顺序排序，并且通过命令行的-u参数来删除重复的行
comm 查找两个文件中的共同行，-23过滤掉只有第二个文件拥有的行、两个文件共有的行，仅仅留下只在第一个文件中有的行在文件名的位置上的-参数表示要求comm使用标准输入（在这个例子里，他的标准输入来自于管道上游的标准输出）作为输入，而不是以普通文件作为输入最终得到一串没有出现在/usr/share/dict/words之中的「单词」（也就是一行）
less 允许用户翻页浏览结果

!¶

$ echo foo bar baz
foo bar baz
$ !!
echo foo bar baz
foo bar baz

>¶

echo 1 > 1.txt # 将数字 1 写入文件 1.txt

cat 1.txt # 输出 1.txt 的内容
# 输出：1

echo 2 >> 1.txt # 将数字 2 写入文件 1.txt 的末行

cat 1.txt | clip.exe # 通过管道将文件 1.txt 的内容传输到 windows 的剪切板

shortcuts¶

bash

keyboard	Command Editing Shortcuts
CTRL+A CTRL+E	Go to the start/end of the command line
CTRL+R	Search the history backwards
CTRL+L	Clear the screen
CTRL+C	Terminate the command

- https://kapeli.com/cheat_sheets/Bash_Shortcuts.docset/Contents/Resources/Documents/index ¶

有趣的命令行工具¶

🚀jq
🚀cURL
🚀Httpie
🚀ffmpeg
🚀clip.exe
🚀code.exe
🦄 you-get soimort/you-get
🦄 aria2 aria2/aria2

jq

Document: https://stedolan.github.io/jq/tutorial/

$ curl 'https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits?per_page=5' | jq '.'
# formatter
[
  {
    "sha": "d25341478381063d1c76e81b3a52e0592a7c997f",
    "commit": {
      "author": {
        "name": "Stephen Dolan",
        "email": "[email protected]",
        "date": "2013-06-22T16:30:59Z"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Stephen Dolan",
        "email": "[email protected]",
        "date": "2013-06-22T16:30:59Z"
      },
      "message": "Merge pull request #162 from stedolan/utf8-fixes\n\nUtf8 fixes. Closes #161",
      "tree": {
        "sha": "6ab697a8dfb5a96e124666bf6d6213822599fb40",
        "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/git/trees/6ab697a8dfb5a96e124666bf6d6213822599fb40"
      },
      "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/git/commits/d25341478381063d1c76e81b3a52e0592a7c997f",
      "comment_count": 0
    },
    "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits/d25341478381063d1c76e81b3a52e0592a7c997f",
    "html_url": "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/d25341478381063d1c76e81b3a52e0592a7c997f",
    "comments_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits/d25341478381063d1c76e81b3a52e0592a7c997f/comments",
    "author": {
      "login": "stedolan",
...

Httpie

Pages: https://httpie.org/

http PUT httpbin.org/put X-API-Token:123 name=John

# http [flags] [METHOD] URL [ITEM [ITEM]]

code

# 新建一个文件
code README.md
# 新建两个文件
code foo.md bar.md
# 编辑一个已存在的文件
code foo.md
# diff 比较两个文件
code -d foo.md bar.md
code --diff foo.md bar.md
# 新打开一个窗口
code -n

WSL¶

WSL 的全称叫做：Windows Subsystem for Linux，即「适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统」。WSL 的诞生让 Windows 用户（开发人员）按原样运行 GNU/Linux 环境 —— 包括大多数命令行工具、实用工具和应用程序 —— 且不会产生虚拟机开销。

WSL

Terminals¶

Linux/Unix

windows

windows Terminal microsoft/terminal
WSL Terminal
powershell
cmd

编辑器¶

vim / emacs => vscode

code --help

Visual Studio Code 1.43.1

Usage: code.exe [options][paths...]

To read output from another program, append '-' (e.g. 'echo Hello World | code.exe -')

Options
  -d --diff <file> <file>           Compare two files with each other.
  -a --add <folder>                 Add folder(s) to the last active window.
  -g --goto <file:line[:character]> Open a file at the path on the specified
                                    line and character position.
  -n --new-window                   Force to open a new window.
  -r --reuse-window                 Force to open a file or folder in an
                                    already opened window.
  -w --wait                         Wait for the files to be closed before
                                    returning.
  --locale <locale>                 The locale to use (e.g. en-US or zh-TW).
  --user-data-dir <dir>             Specifies the directory that user data is
                                    kept in. Can be used to open multiple
                                    distinct instances of Code.
  -v --version                      Print version.
  -h --help                         Print usage.
  --telemetry                       Shows all telemetry events which VS code
                                    collects.
  --folder-uri <uri>                Opens a window with given folder uri(s)
  --file-uri <uri>                  Opens a window with given file uri(s)

Extensions Management
  --extensions-dir <dir>                            Set the root path for
                                                    extensions.
  --list-extensions                                 List the installed
                                                    extensions.
  --show-versions                                   Show versions of installed
                                                    extensions, when using
                                                    --list-extension.
  --category                                        Filters installed
                                                    extensions by provided
                                                    category, when using
                                                    --list-extension.
  --install-extension <extension-id | path-to-vsix> Installs or updates the
                                                    extension. Use `--force`
                                                    argument to avoid
                                                    prompts.
  --uninstall-extension <extension-id>              Uninstalls an extension.
  --enable-proposed-api <extension-id>              Enables proposed API
                                                    features for extensions.
                                                    Can receive one or more
                                                    extension IDs to enable
                                                    individually.

Troubleshooting
  --verbose                          Print verbose output (implies --wait).
  --log <level>                      Log level to use. Default is 'info'.
                                     Allowed values are 'critical', 'error',
                                     'warn', 'info', 'debug', 'trace', 'off'.
  -s --status                        Print process usage and diagnostics
                                     information.
  --prof-startup                     Run CPU profiler during startup
  --disable-extensions               Disable all installed extensions.
  --disable-extension <extension-id> Disable an extension.
  --inspect-extensions <port>        Allow debugging and profiling of
                                     extensions. Check the developer tools for
                                     the connection URI.
  --inspect-brk-extensions <port>    Allow debugging and profiling of
                                     extensions with the extension host being
                                     paused after start. Check the developer
                                     tools for the connection URI.
  --disable-gpu                      Disable GPU hardware acceleration.
  --max-memory                       Max memory size for a window (in Mbytes).

REPL¶

读取﹣求值﹣输出循环

ipython https://ipython.org/install.html

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AiMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String str;
        while (true) {
            str = sc.next();
            str = str.replace("吗", "");
            str = str.replace("?", "!");
            str = str.replace("? ", "! ");
            System.out.println(str);
        }
    }
}

dbcli¶

pgcli - Postgres Client with Auto-completion and Syntax Highlighting
mycli - MySQL/MariaDB/Percona Client with Auto-completion and Syntax Highlighting
litecli - SQLite Client with Auto-completion and Syntax Highlighting
mssql-cli - Microsoft SQL Server Client with Auto-completion and Syntax Highlighting
athenacli - AWS Athena Client with Auto-completion and Syntax Highlighting
vcli - VerticaDB client
iredis - Client for Redis with AutoCompletion and Syntax Highlighting### dotfile

dotfiles 就是软件的配置文件。一般用于软件设置，可以通过备份 dotfiles 的方式，同步软件设置

同步原理主要是应用了ln软连接的功能，命名格式如下:

ln [参数][目标文件或目录]

dotfile example

.bash_profile
.bash_prompt
.bashrc
.curlrc
.curlrc: Add back connect-timeout
.exports
.exports: Hide zsh warning on macOS
.gdbinit
.gitattributes
.gitattributes: Disable normalizing line endings globally
.gitconfig
.gitignore
.gvimrc
.hgignore
.hushlogin
.inputrc
.macos
.osx
.screenrc
.tmux.conf
.vimrc
.wgetrc
https://leohxj.gitbooks.io/a-programmer-prepares/content/software/mac/dotfiles.html https://github.com/mathiasbynens/dotfiles
https://blog.spencerwoo.com/2020/07/how-i-manage-my-dotfiles/### 如何写一个命令行
选择开发语言（eg: Python\Rust\Go...）
选择一个库
加点颜色> optparse: https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3.8/library/optparse.html

from optparse import OptionParser
...
parser = OptionParser()
parser.add_option("-f", "--file", dest="filename", 
                  help="write report to FILE", metavar="FILE")
parser.add_option("-q", "--quiet",
                  action="store_false", dest="verbose", default=True,
                  help="don't print status messages to stdout")

(options, args) = parser.parse_args()

# With these few lines of code, users of your script can now do the "usual thing" on the command-line, for example:

#   <yourscript> --file=outfile -q

python-prompt-toolkit

prompt-toolkit/python-prompt-toolkit

python-prompt-toolkit

class FuzzCommand {
    public static void main(String[] args)  {
        // do some stuffs
        System.out.print(args[0])
    }
// javac FuzzCommand.java
// java FuzzCommand Fuzz

color

def enable():
    HEADER = '\033[95m'
    OKBLUE = '\033[94m'
    OKGREEN = '\033[92m'
    WARNING = '\033[93m'
    FAIL = '\033[91m'
    ENDC = '\033[0m'
    BOLD = "\033[1m"

def disable():
    HEADER = ''
    OKBLUE = ''
    OKGREEN = ''
    WARNING = ''
    FAIL = ''
    ENDC = ''

def infog(msg):
    print(OKGREEN + msg + ENDC)

def info(msg):
    print(OKBLUE + msg + ENDC)

def warn(msg):
    print(WARNING + msg + ENDC)

def err(msg):
    print(FAIL + msg + ENDC)

enable()

如何写一个脚本¶

选择一门开发语言
- Shell
  - Bash
  - Powershell
- Python
- Go
- Rust

$profile

# git
function invoke-git {
  [alias('g')]
  param(
    [parameter(mandatory = $true, position = 0)]
    [string]
    $cmd,

    [parameter(mandatory = $false, valuefromremainingarguments = $true)]
    [string[]]
    $params
  )

  switch ($cmd) {
    # add
    'a' { git add $params }
    # branch
    'b' { git branch $params }
    # checkout
    'c' { git checkout $params }
    # clone repo
    'cl' { git clone $params }
    # commit
    'co' { git commit $params }
    # fetch
    'f' { git fetch $params }
    # init
    'i' { git init $params }
    # log
    'l' { git log $params }
    # pretty log
    'll' { git log --graph --pretty=format:'%cred%h%creset -%c(yellow)%d%creset %s %cgreen(%cr) %c(bold blue)<%an>%creset' --abbrev-commit }
    # merge
    'm' { git merge $params }
    # pull
    'pl' { git pull $params }
    # push
    'ps' { git push $params }
    # rebase
    'r' { git rebase $params }
    # reset changes
    'rs' { git reset $params }
    # status
    's' { git status $params }
    # tag
    't' { git tag $params }
    # catchall
    default { git $cmd $params }
  }
}

Reference¶

最后更新: 2021-07-26
创建日期: 2021-03-04